Reverse Annotations

Reverse annotations are Discworld (or other Pratchett) references in other works, which we try to collect and explain. These should be sufficiently similar that it seems indisputable they refer to the Discworld or Pratchett's other works, or there should be secondary evidence to support the annotation.

More general references to things like a magical school for wizards or a kinder Grim Reaper are more likely just examples of "fishing from the same stream", as Pratchett put it.

Reverse Annotations

• In the Xena: Warrior Princess episode "Sacrifice", Xena tries to rescue Gabrielle's friend Seraphin from being a human sacrifice, but she is not grateful as she had been waiting to be sacrificed. This is very similar to a scene in The Light Fantastic.
• Ben Aaronovitch's New Doctor Who Adventures novel The Also People features, at various points:
  • Reference to a suspicious yellow dip at parties that no-one ever eats (Reaper Man)
  • The Doctor having octagons in his retina, allowing him to see things others can't (something he shares with Discworld wizards, as mentioned in The Colour of Magic)
  • A cocktail called a Double Entendre (Men at Arms)
  • A market trader called C!Mot
  • A chapter headed "A Better Class of Recurring Dream" (a reference to Pyramids).
• Ben Aaronovitch has also stated on his blog that part of the inspiration for his Rivers of London urban fantasy series was a throwaway line in The Science of Discworld that if there were rules of magic in our world, Newton would have discovered them. The books themselves contain numerous explicit references to Pratchett’s books, as the protagonist Peter Grant has read them, and the wife of one of his superior officers is also a fan.
• In Dragon Magazine:
  • Issue 271 features a comic strip, "What's New? With Phil and Dixie"; a poster on a wall reads "Visit beautiful Ankh-Morpork".
  • Issue 293 features an article on minor deities titled "Small Gods". To further drive home the reference, the first illustration is of a not particularly bright looking man stranded in the desert being approached by a robed figure with the head of a bull.
• In the second episode of the engineering game show Scrapheap Challenge (called Junkyard Wars in the US), the Orange team named their bodged-together Power Puller "The Great A'Tuin". (It lost the challenge, winning only one out of three rounds of tug-of-war against the Yellow team's "Eat My Shorts".)
• In one episode of the "gaslight fantasy" webcomic Girl Genius by Phil and Katja Foglio, the "clanks" (steampunk robots) attacking the Baron include large wooden chests with sharp teeth and mechanical legs. The lead chest has the name of its owner written on it: "The Amazing Pratchett".
• In the Doctor Who Magazine comic strip "Fire and Brimstone", the Eighth Doctor's companion Izzy describes the book she's reading as featuring "This mad city called Ankh-Morpork, and an old hag called Granny Weatherwax, and the whole world, right, is a disc and sits on the back of a turtle." She asks the Doctor why they can't visit somewhere like the Discworld and he replies "Izzy, I've been. It was flat."
• Sergei Lukyanenko's Night Watch fantasy novels about the detente between Light and Dark magic users in present-day Moscow have a Pratchett homage in book five, The New Watch. Day Watch member Anton Gorodetsky (a Higher Light Magician) is passing a fatherly eye over his daughter Nadja's reading choices. Being a magical policeman and loving father is not easy, especially when she's ten and showing clear signs of being a magic-capable Other. He reflects that her initial ecstasy at learning she is to be sent to a school for young magicians is going to turn into crushing disappointment, when she realises it's nothing like Hogwarts. Or indeed Unseen University. Anton then muses on how Rincewind might have got it more right than Terry Pratchett ever believed, with his strategy of using no magic at all and running like Hell when confronted with peril. As he is about to become last line of defence for the Day Watch against an un-known magic user of immense ability which far outstrips his own, he ruefully wishes he had the Rincewind option....

Possible References

• In the anime Pani Poni Dash, episode 15, a class is stuck on a bus dangling off the edge of a cliff. Himeko, a rather hyperactive girl, deludes herself into thinking that her "aura" is what's keeping the bus from falling, hence she's supporting the whole shebang. To illustrate this, she hallucinates a brief vision of the Discworld with her head superimposed on Great A'Tuin. (It's not clear if this is specifically the Discworld or the more general mythological flat world with elephants and a turtle.)

"Falco" series

A series of Roman detective novels by self-confessed Pratchett-admirer Lindsey Davis. In her author's notes for Saturnalia, Davis talks about the concept of "tribute plagiarism" - assimilating and paying homage to the best ideas of another author by recycling them in your own work, putting your own mark on them, and seeing if anyone notices.

Saturnalia

• In chapter 26 there are three witches who would have been at home in Lancre: they dress up to ensure they look like witches, don't suffer fools gladly and complain about the problems of modern witchcraft; the third witch, Daphne, is in fact absent because - Nanny Ogg-like - she has to look after her grandchildren.
• The character Zosmio flaps around the cemetery in a white sheet pretending to be dead, and "haunting" the place; echoes of Duke Leonal Felmet in his final insanity?
• The Vigiles of the fourth precinct have a lot in common with the Night Watch of the early Samuel Vimes era. At their Saturnalia party, one watchman dresses up as "a six-foot tall carrot", for instance.
• The policing set-up in Vespasian's Rome places the Royal Palace under the control of the Praetorian Guard, a bunch of haughty bullies puffed up with their own self-importance who enjoy throwing their weight around, especially against ethnic minorities and a despised lowly group such as the Vigiles (Night Watch). Compare this to the Palace Guard, two of whose finest want to beat up Vimes just for annoying them (in Guards! Guards!), and Mayonnaise Quirke's Day Watch with its speciesist attitude to trolls and dwarfs.
• The Vigile (Watchman) Fusculus is described in terms reiniscent of a rather more intelligent, slightly quirkier, version of Fred Colon. ("Fusculus" may come from a Latin root meaning "to confuse, to bamboozle" - confirmation anyone?) No sighting of an Ancient Roman Nobby Nobbs yet...
• The resemblance, especially nasally, between Rome and the river Tiber to Ankh-Morpork and the Ankh, is also apparent from the books. Falco is a product of, and still lives in, the Shades of ancient Rome. His landlord is a CMOT Dibbler type who has tried various failed shortcuts to getting seriously rich.
• At this point in Roman history, it should be noted, as L.D. explicitly does, that the lowly-born Emperor Vespasian (the first of the Flavian line) is very explicitly not a Patrician. As viewed through the eyes of central character, plebian-born Marcus Didius Falco (who is suspiciously Vimes-like in terms of cynicism), it was the patrician (ie, most illustrious, well-bred, and noble) Claudian line of Caesars who got Rome into the mess it is in today. Such Divine Caesars as Caligula and Nero were, in Falco's eyes, so well-bred as to be inbred. Note L.D.'s use of the word "patrician" in its correct Roman context, as well as the reminder about the extremely insane Caesars who did things such as make a favourite horse into a Senator. (And the Ankh-Morpork parellel is Lord Snapcase, possibly?)
• The central character, Marcus Didius Falco, the private investigator, is, socially speaking, a product of the Roman gutter who from time to time goes on ruinous drinking benders. He is a born detective, part of whose pay goes on a sort of "widow's pension" for his dead brother's girlfriend and child. The love of his life (Helena Justina) is a woman from a vastly higher social class - in fact, the nobility - who is independently wealthy and can afford to flout convention. Although there is no record of Helena obsessively breeding any sort of animal, this spookily parallels Sam Vimes and Lady Sybil. (Although for a while Falco had the title of Keeper of the Royal Geese, as a personal gift from Vespasian, their only family pet is an ill-behaved scruffy mutt called Nux).
• The rather spiky relationship between Falco and Emperor Vespasian also has echoes of Vimes and Vetinari. Vespasian insists on the minimum of ceremony and puts up with near-insolence from his Imperial Investigator, perhaps because he knows Falco gets results, or perhaps because he likes having somebody around who doesn't refrain from speaking his mind. (Falco is no friend of the Imperial system: he makes no secret, even to the Emperor, that he prefers the more egalitarian set-up of Republican Rome to that of the Empire. Just as Vimes reluctantly serves Vetinari while wanting to overthrow him and replace him with something better, Falco works for Vespasian and gives him grudging respect, whilst pining for something better that doesn't include Emperors or Kings. In both cases, Helena Justina and Sybil Ramkin, as women from noble families who have faithfully served and advised rulers past and present, are on hand to soothe over any little misunderstandings.)

Alexandria

• A husband-and-wife detective team, Marcus Didius and Helena Justina, travel to North Africa, ostensibly on a family holiday to Egypt. However, the most prestigious University in the Roman Empire is simultaneously beset with murder among the Faculty. Is it a case of younger, ambitious and status-hungry academics ensuring their promotion by terminally accelerating the retirement plans of the men above them? As an accredited Imperial Investigator with the personal trust of the Emperor, Falco is roped in to investigate. Compare this to Vimes having the trust of Vetinari and being sent out of the City on missions combining policing expertise and a unique diplomatic skill, sometimes requiring the intervention of his socially better-bred wife.
• We meet a very aesthetic art expert - an echo of Sir Reynold?
• There are two local policemen with a suspiciously Nobbs and Colon aura about them
• Members of the Alexandria University faculty are as quarrelsome, fractious, and incapable of grasping reality as any in a Faculty we know. Specifically:
  • the Head of Philosophy is a big harrumphing bear of a man whose mind runs on fairly rigid rails, for instance, and who isn't especially interested in other people's ideas unless they chime with his.
  • There is also an issue concerning the Librarian.
  • And a bright young postgraduate with deep ideas.
  • And priests of a syncretic religion with big ideas, who have access to Sodek the sacred crocodile as an instrument of applied theology.

Nemesis

• Falco is forced to go to a spirit medium for help (and he is left slightly spooked where she gets one thing right that she could not possibly have guessed). The medium is small, dressed in faded vermilion red, and wears garlands and an item of headwear consisting partly of feathers but mainly reproductions of fruit. She is irascible of temper and insists on making nettle tea before she goes to work, sending pungent vegetable odours drifting across the seance room. Falco, cynical and streetwise, gives credit to her for knowing how people work and putting on an appropriate show. But this lady evokes Madame Tracy whilst looking like Mrs Evadne Cake and gives Falco that one wavering moment of wondering if there's something in it after all...
• Falco is also charged with bringing to book a ghastly criminal family, composed of a hideous overbearing monster of a mother and the thuggish sons she has alternately doted on and terrified into submission. The Claudii family come over as a Roman echo of Ma Lilywhite and her sons (although one of them isn't above hitting girls).

= The Third Nero

• This book has a street trader named Xeno, who sells pies and pastries. He's not above serving rat meat...

Cory Doctorow

• Cory Doctorow's novel Makers is about a very close future, where a new wave of computer innovation backed by a co-operative capitalism akin to anarchism, brings about something like the replicators of Stargate-SG1. On page 110, Geoff, who defines himself as a "chemist", remarks on drinking some really good (if chemically enhanced) coffee (Splot?). Quote: "Marthter, the creathathure awaketh!" he said, in high Igor.
• Later on in "Makers", the two computer inventors, Lester and Perry, create a Cabinet of Curiosities all of their very own.

Alan Gordon

Alan Gordon (born 1959) is the author of several mysteries, the first of which is based on the characters from William Shakespeare's Twelfth Night. He writes about jesters as advisers to the king, who actually make up a super-secret spy ring that try to keep peace and control the leaders of different countries. The Fool's Guild of these novels is portrayed as a mockery to the church, and they refer to Jesus Christ as "Their Saviour, the First Fool".

Alan Gordon began writing his novels about fools and jesters as a supra-national spy ring in 1999. This is exactly the same idea TP came up with a year or two earlier to explain the survival of the Fools' and Clowns' Guild into the modern era - that the Guild's graduates go everywhere, end up in some very high places, and periodically report back to Doctor Whiteface. Making him both very rich and very powerful.

Is it possible AG got the basic idea for the seven Fools' Guild novels from Pratchett? [1]

Douglas Adams' Shada

In the long-awaited novelisation of Adams' Dr Who script, the doctor (his Tom Baker incarnation) is in the captivity of the big Bad, who is demanding he read out a Galiffreyan book of lore containing the innermost secrets of the Time Lords. The Doctor, who genuinely cannot read the heiroglyphics of Ancient Gallifrey, duly does the best he can:-

"Squiggle, squiggle." said the Dosctor, "Squiggle, squiggle, sort of an eye, I think, squiggle, squiggle..." I'm paraphrasing wildly, of course... squiggle, squiggle... ssshsh, this is a good bit! Squiggle squiggle wavy line, squggle squiggle..."

Not assuming Douglas Adams wrote this in the original 1976 script, but his ghost-writer Gareth Roberts might be inserting a homage to Pteppic in Pyramids here?

Yrsa Sigurdasdottir

Icelandic crime fiction writer Yrsa Sigurdasdottir's debut novel Last Rituals deals with scurrilous goings-on among postgraduate students at the University of Iceland, who have taken their PhD in Icelandic ritual magic seriously, to the point of practically testing whether the old magic rituals and curses still work in the modern world. She passes on the snippet that a legendary founder of the academic tradition in Iceland was a mediaeval wizard, whose statue still takes pride of place in front of the main University building where everyone can see it. As well as this, there is a visit to a museum of native Icelandic magic, where a minor plot-point concerns whether or not a Viking artefact, a large stone collection bowl used to contain the blood of a sacrifical victim, is the real thing, or if it has been surreptitiously switched with a modern replica and the original stolen for some nefarious purpose... has Terry been translated into Icelandic, or are these two points part of the universal pool of plot-points drawn on for Thud! and the general layout of Unseen University? --AgProv 00:34, 6 April 2011 (CEST)

John Moore

• In John Moore's Slay and Rescue there's a mention of a shoemaker who made luxury (and impossible to wear) shoes before quitting and becoming the chief torturer for king Bruno of Omnia. (The Czech translation made the reference to Small Gods even more explicit, translating "chief torturer" as "chief inquisitor".)
• The book Bad Prince Charlie by John Moore has a footnote where the author says that it's a good idea to use footnotes because Terry Pratchett uses them and people like his books, after all.
• In Unhandsome Prince there exists a Thieves' Guild and an Assassins' Guild. (Anybody stupid enough to enter one of the buildings to join the guild or to make use of their services will find out that they are fake - a set up by the royal guards.)

Charles Stross

• In Charles Stross's near-future technothriller 'Halting State, a character enlivens a bus ride through Edinburgh by using Augumented Reality to turn it into Ankh-Morpork.

Unravelling the Mystery

It all started with a Big Bang. (Bang!) Think The Science of Discworld. The Wizards of Unseen University create a pocket universe, made real and tangible inside a glass-like protective sphere allowing full three-dimensional views. The wizard tasked with making sense of it all is relatively young, rather geeky, wears glasses, and affects something not unlike a shapeless grey-green parka. Meanwhile at Caltech University in Pasadena, CA, there is a youngish research physicist who is geeky in appearance, wears glasses and a shapeless grey-green parka. Knowing about holograms, he darkens the room and projects a series of hologrammatic pictures of Earth and the solar system and the Milky Way, into the air to enchant his girlfriend. This looks a lot like the enduring image of The Science of Discworld - a world-globe hanging in the air, supported nowhere. Especially when he speculates about whether the Universe and all in it might have been created to provide information for a remote intelligence, for its own ends...See The Hologram Excitation episode of American geek-science sitcom The Big Bang Theory. TBBT depends on fantasy, comic-book, sci-fi and geek cultural references to power the scripts. This would appear to be the first and so far only Discworld reference, as yet. The Science of Discworld co-authors Jack Cohen and Ian Stewart are both well-known in American academic circles and hold American academic positions; both have written for the academic trade press. This could be a case where Cohen and Stewart are more famous, to a very specialised readership, than Terry?

In The Science of Discworld III: Darwin's Watch, Jack Cohen ruefully describes a bad experience he had whilst working as an academic and going on lecture tours across the USA. He was heckled by a tough audience to whom he was trying to explain why evolution is the accepted scientific truth and Creationism doesn't have a leg to stand on. This was in East Texas, a part of the world where evolutionists tend to be tarred, feathered and run out of town on a rail, if not burnt at the stake as agents of Satan. In TBBT, lead character Sheldon Cooper is from East Texas and views having moved to California as intellectual liberation. His greatest fear is losing scientific credibility and being forced to return home to teach High School science. specifically, having to teach Evolution to Creationists. (His mother is a true believer in Christianity and a Creationist.)

There is also a tantalising scene where the guys have dressed up as Planet of the Apes characters and Raj ruefully says he'd have preferred to wear the orang-utan costume but the others voted him down... a bit tenuous, but you wonder if another reference was intended here.

Season Eight saw character evolution in the initially awkward and somewhat aloof character of Amy Farrah-Fowler. She is a neurobiological doctor who performs behavioural and surgical/chemical experiments on animals, principally simians. She is a moderately skilled animal handler who knows how to get the best out of her subjects, even keeping experimental animals as semi-pets in her home. For the five or six seasons - over a hundred and twenty episodes - in which she is a core character, she is casually inaccurate in her terminology, classing everything simian as a "mere monkey". But from the very end of Season Seven and into Season Eight, she very abruptly began to make the correct distinction between "monkeys" and "apes". This came out of nowhere. Indeed, she even rebukes Sheldon for calling an orang-utan a "monkey".

Also, Sheldon, a man who hitherto had always referred to all simians as "monkeys", comes out of nowhere with a detailed discourse concerning the taxonomy of apes, and the distinction between the three species of Great Ape which singles out the poor gibbon as the only Lesser Ape, and therefore the weird kid in the playground.... Where did this suddenly come from.... could it be that one TBBT character has discovered Terry Pratchett and is playing safe around her simian co-researchers?

Criminal Minds

"Light thinks it travels faster than anything but it is wrong. No matter how fast light travels, it finds the darkness has always got there first, and is waiting for it." was quoted at the start of season 4 episode 20 "Conflicted" by Reid in a much more sinister way than TP used it and referring to good and evil, unlike the original, unsurprising concidering that Criminal Minds deals with serial killers as a matter of course. TP was acknowledged as the originator of the saying.

Welcome to his Nightmare

Outrageous singer and performance artiste Alice Cooper's 2011 album Welcome 2 My Nightmare contains a song called The Congregation. This line made me stop and wonder.

"And here in the fiery pit of boiling death, the lawyers, pimps, and mimes."

An intelligent and well-read chap of a Gothic inclination cannot have failed to have stumbled on the works of Terry....

Sharpe

• In Bernard Cornwell's Sharpe tales, about a proto-commando in the Napoleonic Wars, the huge and hulking Sergeant Harper totes a fearsome seven-barreled musket, originally designed for close-quarter naval use with the express intention of bringing down a battleship's mainmast and rigging. This failed as a naval weapon because sailors tend to be smaller and wirier men whose talents lie elsewhere. Besides, to fire a weapon like this from the deck of a rolling and pitching ship could be... something of an own goal. But the huge Harper, who has a suspiciously Detritus-to-Vimes relationship with Captain Sharpe, takes to it like a troll to a siege weapon. Like Carrot and Detritus, the enduring friendship and mutual respect of the two men began with a fist-fight, which, against the odds, was won by Sharpe. Sharpe is a heavy-drinking outsider who rose to officer's rank from the Regency London equivalent of the Shades (the Rookery) and made his way up from the ranks, against the odds. Lord Wellington is portrayed as a devious Vetinari-like figure (who eventually entered politics and was a most effective Prime Minister). Sharpe also exposes political corruption by his social betters and both annoys them - and gets their respect. The Rust-like disposition of many British senior officers is explicitly dwelt upon. Sharpe eventually marries to a far higher social level and his wife has enviable Sybil Ramkin-like characteristics. Sharpe, however, goes back to 1981.

Meanwhile, in Oslo

• Jo Nesbo's series of police procedural novels are about a dissillusioned copper who has turned to drink to blot it all out. Harry Hole doesn't give a stuff who he offends in search of the truth, and he treats attempts at covering up or protecting well-placed people with scorn. His superiors can't get rid of him as he's just too good at what he does. He is disparagingly Republican about Norway's residual Royalty and upper classes, and in his world, Oslo is a crapsack city based on a rather smelly river with its upmarket bits on one bank, populated by that which invariably rises to the top. He is no friend to the privileged but has no illusions about the people living on the wrong side of the river, either. His preferred pub is a low joint on the river populated by quarellsome low-life types. He tends to galvanise a jaded and demoralised police force into action, and his superiors treat him with wary respect. He prefers his native city but has been forced to travel, with protest, to other countries to investigate issues there. Hmm.

And in rural Cheshire near a place oddly reminiscent of the Long Man

• Boneland, Alan Garner's long-in-the-making sequel to his first fantasy novels The Weirdstone of Brisingamen and The Moon of Gomrath, has a lot to say about rocks. The sound of flint-knapping is rendered "Tak, Tak, Tak, Tak, Tak", for instance. And the legend of a Creator calling life into being out of stone eggs is discussed at some length. Admittedly there is also a sly reference to a certain Genesis single. But Pratchett, as a modern weaver of old strands into new stories, is homaged here.

"Endeavour"

• In the episode "Coda" of the Inspoector Morse prequel, Inspector Thursday mentions his old boss, one Sergeant Vimes of Cable Street.

Hellblazer

• In the graphic novel series featuring occultist/psychic investigator John Constantine, a story arc has him in Australia, undergoing initiation by Aborigines and entering the Dreamtime, where the Trickster God appears in the form of a kangaroo, to tell him he is the only one who can save Australia for all its people. Constantine is initially reluctant to take the case. Hmmm.
• And in Hellblazer episode 101, "Football: It's a Funny Old Game", he meets a dread quasi-demonic entity whose reason for being is to reap havoc and spread violent death at football games. Hmmm.

Illuminating insights?

It's probably fairer to say that the provocative thinking of anarchistically-minded author Robert Anton Wilson gets filtered into the Discworld via Terry Pratchett's mind, far more often than Terry's thinking filters into the Illuminatus! universe via Wilson's (see Reading Suggestions for specifics). But a later book by Wilson, Nature's God, has an intriguing scene. Set in Paris with the French Revolution imminent, a big society ball is being hosted by the Duc d'Orleans, a man with pretensions to overthrow the ruling monarch and become King. He has been assiduously destabilising the country so that he can step in and rescue it. As nervous dancers are circulating, asking how near they think Revolution is, a woman named as the Marquise de Monnier is circulating and talking to people, seemingly ingenuously so. As a result "the seed was planted, and the inevitable sprouts appeared in conversations throughout the ballroom". (In real history, the Marquise de Monnier was the mistress of the Compte de Mirabeau, an aristo who somehow evaded the guillotine and became a leader of the French Revolution. She had a reputation as a fixer, schemer and arranger. As well as an unconventional lady who delighted in flauting convention. Hmmm.) In the background, a very cynical and realist policeman called de Sartine, commander of the Paris City Watch, is watching intently and preparing to throw his own handful of grit into the machine.

A shame this was practically Wilson's last book before he died, or there might have been more Pratchett homages.

Earlier in Nature's God, there is the strange case of a "mountain man" living in the American West who manages to go back in time and have long conversations with an Indian medicine man (a mystic and monk-like ascetic with a strange sense of humour, who had respect from his people for his mastery of hidden tides and his ability to Walk the Happy Hunting grounds, where Time flows differently) who died thirty years before he was born. Or else the Indian steps forwards in time to talk to Sigismundo).

Nature's God was published in 2004; Night Watch in 2002.

Unsound?

• In fantasy-fiction webcomic [Unsounded], the teenage Thief Sette, who has a certain Tiffany Aching-like compnent to her, is forced to walk the Khert, a limbo between life and death, where her deepest fears and highest hopes take real form. Challenged by a seemingly tormented soul who feels he is in Hell to consider that she might have died without knowing it - as opposed to having arrived here in a dream or via magic - she considers this and indignantly replies "I ain't dead!"

The Invisible Library

• Genevieve Cogman blatantly sets her Invisible Library series novels in L-Space without even crediting TP in the acknowledgements.